Journal: Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica

Article Title: Dose-dependent IL-29 activation of TLR4 signalling drives eosinophil infiltration in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-A1222

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histological and molecular expression analysis of IL-29 and TLR4 in ECRSwNP. (A) Haematoxylin-eosin staining of the experimental and control groups; magnification 100×; (B) qPCR analysis of IL-29 and TLR4 mRNA expression and their correlation; (C) Correlation analysis of IL-29 and TLR4, showing a positive correlation in the experimental group (r = 0.6018, p < 0.0001); (D) Immunohistochemical expression of IL-29 in the experimental and control groups (D1: control group, 100×; D2: experimental group, 100×; D3: control group, 400×; D4: experimental group, 400×); (E) Immunohistochemical expression of TLR4 in the experimental and control groups (E1: control group, 100×; E2: experimental group, 100×; E3: control group, 400×; E4: experimental group, 400×). qPCR data are presented as mean ± SD, correlation analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Experimental group n = 30, control group n = 30.

Article Snippet: To evaluate the role of TLR4 in IL-29-mediated eosinophil regulation, a TLR4 blockade group (IL-29 50 ng/mL + TAK-242 10 μM, MedChemExpress, HY-11109) and a TAK-242-only intervention group were established.

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Control, Immunohistochemical staining

Journal: Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica

Article Title: Dose-dependent IL-29 activation of TLR4 signalling drives eosinophil infiltration in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-A1222

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of IL-29 on TLR4 and downstream signaling molecule activation. (A) Western blot analysis of TLR4 protein expression; (B) Western blot analysis of p-NF-κB protein expression; (C) Western blot analysis of p-MAPK protein expression. Eosinophils were stimulated with different concentrations of IL-29 (10, 25, 50, 100 ng/mL) for 24 hours. β-actin was used as the internal control. Data were obtained from 3 independent experiments. * indicates p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: To evaluate the role of TLR4 in IL-29-mediated eosinophil regulation, a TLR4 blockade group (IL-29 50 ng/mL + TAK-242 10 μM, MedChemExpress, HY-11109) and a TAK-242-only intervention group were established.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Control

Journal: Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica

Article Title: Dose-dependent IL-29 activation of TLR4 signalling drives eosinophil infiltration in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-A1222

Figure Lengend Snippet: The interventional effect of TAK-242 Blocking TLR4 on IL-29 action. (A) Transwell assay showing changes in eosinophil migration after TLR4 blockade with TAK-242; (B) ELISA of IL-5 secretion after TAK-242 intervention; (C) ELISA of IL-13 secretion after TAK-242 intervention; (D) Western blot analysis of TLR4, p-NF-κB, and p-MAPK protein expression after TAK-242 treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD. * indicates p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: To evaluate the role of TLR4 in IL-29-mediated eosinophil regulation, a TLR4 blockade group (IL-29 50 ng/mL + TAK-242 10 μM, MedChemExpress, HY-11109) and a TAK-242-only intervention group were established.

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Transwell Assay, Migration, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Expressing

Journal: Molecular Neurobiology

Article Title: Therapeutic Repurposing of Avanafil Against Lipopolysaccharide-induced Depression and Autoimmune Hepatitis: Gut-brain-liver Axis Orchestration Via Regulation of TLR4/NF-κB/IDO and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways

doi: 10.1007/s12035-026-05854-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: AVA suppresses TLR4 expression in rat colon. photomicrographs depicting immunohistochemical staining of TLR4 in rat colon. A Control group, B LPS group, C LPS+AVA-treated group, D AVA alone treatment, and E quantification of TLR4 area percentage. The data (mean ± SD) underwent statistical evaluation utilizing one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc comparison. Statistical significance was indicated by “a” and “b,” representing differences from the normal control and LPS groups, respectively, at P < 0.05. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; AVA, avanafil; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4

Article Snippet: The cells were then treated with anti-TLR4 antibody (bs-1021R - Bioss USA - 1:200), anti-ZO-1(1:1000 - Abcam - EPR19945-224), and anti-MMP-9 (GTX100458 - GeneTex Inc. - 1:200) overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Control, Comparison

Journal: Molecular Neurobiology

Article Title: Therapeutic Repurposing of Avanafil Against Lipopolysaccharide-induced Depression and Autoimmune Hepatitis: Gut-brain-liver Axis Orchestration Via Regulation of TLR4/NF-κB/IDO and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways

doi: 10.1007/s12035-026-05854-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: AVA attenuates hepatic TLR4 expression. photomicrographs depicting immunohistochemical staining of TLR4 in rat liver. A Control group, B LPS group, C LPS+AVA-treated group, D AVA alone treatment, and E quantification of TLR4 area percentage. The data (mean ± SD) underwent statistical evaluation utilizing one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc comparison. Statistical significance was indicated by “a” and “b,” representing differences from the normal control and LPS groups, respectively, at P < 0.05. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; AVA, avanafil; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4

Article Snippet: The cells were then treated with anti-TLR4 antibody (bs-1021R - Bioss USA - 1:200), anti-ZO-1(1:1000 - Abcam - EPR19945-224), and anti-MMP-9 (GTX100458 - GeneTex Inc. - 1:200) overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Control, Comparison

Journal: The Cell Surface

Article Title: Pap1 is an adhesin involved in the interaction of Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis with the host

doi: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2025.100164

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokine stimulation by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Yeast-like cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were coincubated for 24 h, and the secreted cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Panels A , C , and E are results generated with S. schenckii yeast-like cells (WT, 1099–18 ATCC MYA 4821 strain), while panels B , D , and F are results obtained with S. brasiliensis strains (WT, 5110 ATCC MYA 4823 strain). None, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL −1 polymyxin B; Anti-MR, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL −1 polymyxin B and 10 μg mL −1 anti-mannose receptor antibody. Anti-TLR4, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL −1 polymyxin B and 10 μg mL −1 anti-TLR4. Data are means ± SD obtained with samples from eight donors, each assayed in duplicate wells. Results were analyzed with Dunnett's test and then the Mann-Whitney U test. * P < 0.05 when compared to strains WT, HSS67, or HSS68 (panels A , C , and E ). * P < 0.05 when compared to strains WT, HSB28, or HSB29 (panels B , D , and F ). † P < 0.05 when compared to the “None” group from the same strain.

Article Snippet: When required, the human cells were pre-incubated for 1 h at 37 °C and 5 % (v/v) CO 2 with one of the following immune receptor antagonists: 10 μg mL −1 of anti-mannose receptor (MR) (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, MA5–44033), or 10 μg mL −1 anti-TLR4 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA sc-293,072).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Generated, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: The Cell Surface

Article Title: Pap1 is an adhesin involved in the interaction of Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis with the host

doi: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2025.100164

Figure Lengend Snippet: Phagocytosis of Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis PAP1 -silenced strains. Yeast-like cells were labeled with Acridine Orange and used to interact with human monocyte-derived macrophages for 2 h at 37 °C and 5 % (v/v) CO 2 . Then, macrophages were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry. Macrophages that were interacting with at least one red fluorescent yeast-like cell were included in the analysis. None, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL-1 polymyxin B. Anti-MR, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL −1 polymyxin B and 10 μg mL −1 anti-mannose receptor antibody. Anti-TLR4, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL −1 polymyxin B and 10 μg mL −1 anti-TLR4. Panel A , results generated with S. schenckii yeast-like cells (WT, 1099–18 ATCC MYA 4821 strain); while in panel B are results obtained with S. brasiliensis strains (WT, 5110 ATCC MYA 4823 strain). Data are means ± SD obtained with samples from eight donors, each assayed in duplicate wells. Results were analyzed with Dunnett's test and then the Mann-Whitney U test. * P < 0.05 when compared to strains WT, HSS67, or HSS68 (panel A ). * P < 0.05 when compared to strains WT, HSB28, or HSB29 (panel B ). † P < 0.05 when compared to the “None” group from the same strain. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: When required, the human cells were pre-incubated for 1 h at 37 °C and 5 % (v/v) CO 2 with one of the following immune receptor antagonists: 10 μg mL −1 of anti-mannose receptor (MR) (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, MA5–44033), or 10 μg mL −1 anti-TLR4 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA sc-293,072).

Techniques: Labeling, Derivative Assay, Flow Cytometry, Generated, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: The Cell Surface

Article Title: Pap1 is an adhesin involved in the interaction of Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis with the host

doi: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2025.100164

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokine stimulation by human monocyte-derived macrophages. Yeast-like cells and monocyte-derived macrophages were coincubated for 24 h, and the secreted cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Panels A and C are results generated with S. schenckii yeast-like cells (WT, 1099–18 ATCC MYA 4821 strain); while panels B and D are results obtained with S. brasiliensis strains (WT, 5110 ATCC MYA 4823 strain). None, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL −1 polymyxin B. Anti-MR, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL −1 polymyxin B and 10 μg mL −1 anti-mannose receptor antibody. Anti-TLR4, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL −1 polymyxin B and 10 μg mL −1 anti-TLR4. Data are means ± SD obtained with samples from eight donors, each assayed in duplicate wells. Results were analyzed with Dunnett's test and then the Mann-Whitney U test. * P < 0.05 when compared to strains WT, HSS67, or HSS68 (panels A and C ). * P < 0.05 when compared to strains WT, HSB28, or HSB29 (panels B and D ). cells. † P < 0.05 when compared to the “None” group from the same strain.

Article Snippet: When required, the human cells were pre-incubated for 1 h at 37 °C and 5 % (v/v) CO 2 with one of the following immune receptor antagonists: 10 μg mL −1 of anti-mannose receptor (MR) (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, MA5–44033), or 10 μg mL −1 anti-TLR4 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA sc-293,072).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Generated, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

Article Title: Ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization of Fructus Tribuli polysaccharides: How stir-frying processing alters structures and enhances antihypertensive efficacy

doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107829

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of FP and SFP on the TLR4/MyD88 signaling in blood vessels. (A) Representative images from immunohistochemical staining of TLR4 in blood vessels (×200). (B, C, E) Western blotting to determine the levels of TLR4, MyD88, NFκB p65 and its phosphorylation, IκBα and its phosphorylation, and IKKβ and its phosphorylation in blood vessels. (D) Changes in serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels. (F) Relative expression of TLR4, MyD88, NFκB p65, IκBα, and IKKβ mRNA. Compared with the WKY group, # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01; compared with the SHR group, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01; compared with the FP group, ▲ p < 0.05, ▲▲ p < 0.01, n = 3.

Article Snippet: TLR4 polyclonal antibody (19811–1-AP), GAPDH (10494–1-AP) antibody, goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin (Ig)G (H + L) (SA00001-1), and goat anti-rabbit IgG (H + L) (SA00001-2) were purchased from Proteintech Group (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Expressing

Journal: Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

Article Title: Ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization of Fructus Tribuli polysaccharides: How stir-frying processing alters structures and enhances antihypertensive efficacy

doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107829

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of FP and SFP on the TLR4/MyD88 signaling in blood vessels. (A) Representative images from immunohistochemical staining of TLR4 in blood vessels (×200). (B, C, E) Western blotting to determine the levels of TLR4, MyD88, NFκB p65 and its phosphorylation, IκBα and its phosphorylation, and IKKβ and its phosphorylation in blood vessels. (D) Changes in serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels. (F) Relative expression of TLR4, MyD88, NFκB p65, IκBα, and IKKβ mRNA. Compared with the WKY group, # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01; compared with the SHR group, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01; compared with the FP group, ▲ p < 0.05, ▲▲ p < 0.01, n = 3.

Article Snippet: TLR4 antibody (sc-293072) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Expressing